000			03489nam a2200373 i 4500
001			CR9789814843560
003			UkCbUP
005			20240913164756.0
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007			cr||||||||||||
008			191218s2019||||si o ||1 0|eng|d
020			_a9789814843560 (ebook)
020			_z9789814843553 (paperback)
040			_aUkCbUP _beng _erda _cUkCbUP
043			_aa-br---
050		4	_aUF535.B97 _bM33 2019
082	0	4	_a355.8/2/095 _223
100	1		_aMcCarthy, Gerard, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aMilitary capitalism in Myanmar : _bexamining the origins, continuities and evolution of "Khaki Capital" / _cGerard McCarthy.
264		1	_aSingapore : _bISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, _c2019.
300			_a1 online resource (39 pages) : _bdigital, PDF file(s).
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
490	1		_aTrends in Southeast Asia ; _v2019 no. 16
500			_aTitle from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 27 Jan 2020).
520			_aMilitary enterprises, ostensibly set up to feed and supply soldiers, were some of the earliest and largest Burmese commercial conglomerates, established in the 1950s. Union Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) and Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC) are two profit-seeking military enterprises established by the military after the dissolution of the Burma Socialist Programme Party in 1988, which remain central players in Myanmar's post-2011 economy. Military conglomerates are a major source of off-budget revenue for the military and a main employer of retired soldiers. Yet few veterans receive more than a small piece of the profits from UMEHL. The vast bulk of formal dividends instead disproportionately benefit higher ranking officers and institutions within the Tatmadaw. Military capitalism entrenches the autonomy of the Tatmadaw from civilian oversight. Despite this, obligatory or semi-coerced contributions from active-duty soldiers are a source of cash flow for UMEHL, effectively constituting a transfer from the government budget to the military's off-budget entities. The most significant source of livelihoods support for most veterans is the service pension dispersed by the Ministry of Finance and Planning (MoPF). Despite delivering suboptimal welfare outcomes for most soldiers and veterans while eroding the legitimacy of ceasefires, successive governments since 1988, including Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) administration, have entrenched military capitalism by encouraging commercial activities of armed groups that enter into ceasefire agreements. Extending military pensions already paid by the Ministry of Planning and Finance to retired members of armed groups could deliver a far more consistent and tangible "peace dividend" than the commercial extraction of resources from ceasefire areas. More balanced civil-military relations, and fairer social outcomes for military personnel, will rely on civilian-led state institutions delivering effective and substantive welfare support beyond the commercially oriented welfare arrangements of military conglomerates.
650		0	_aDefense industries _zBurma.
651		0	_aBurma _xPolitics and government.
776	0	8	_iPrint version: _z9789814843553
830		0	_aTrends in Southeast Asia ; _v2019 no. 16.
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9789814843560/type/BOOK
942			_2ddc _cEB
999			_c10132 _d10132